Eh, not exactly.
First of all, x87 math coprocessors go all the way back to the 70’s, when Intel bought them from AMD and put their sticker on them. Yes, this odd relationship between Intel and AMD started all the way back then.
Math co-processors didn’t go away. They got integrated into the CPU. In fact, this was the main difference between a 486 “SX” and “DX” – the “DX” had an integrated math coprocessor! However, the “SX” still had an available add-on math coprocessor, the 487SX, which was, in fact, just a 486DX. Upon install of the “coprocessor”, the main processor would deactivate entirely. Yes, there shall be no SMP for you!
Anyway, similar thing is happening with GPUs in the last several years. They are no longer exclusively external parts, but are starting to be integrated into the same package as the CPU.
Now depending on what you are doing, the integrated version can actually be much better than an external card. Reason being shared resources. It takes a lot of time to pass data between the CPU and an external GPU, but nearly nothing if the GPU is integrated.
HOWEVER, external GPUs are much more flexible when it comes to thermals, so depending on the workload, either could be better. But in a laptop?
Well the way I figure it, a laptop really is a somewhat limited form factor, mainly because you have limits to the amount of power it can or should draw based on battery life, and also on how much heat it can release based on being physically smaller. Combined with the fact that the Ryzen 7 is a pretty solid part, I’d avoid additional external parts unless you really really need it, like if you are a game developer.
Your use cases 1-3 will be served very well by the Ryzen 7. Use cases 4-5 are pointless. Performance of the Ryzen 7 will probably be better under RL than the external anyway, since AMD puts everything into open source graphics, and nvidia is basically “for windows”.
For me, the choice is easy – more RAM and more SSD wins over something that won’t do anything useful.
EDIT: In case you’re wondering what kind of problems might come out of trying to nvidia… read this thread; Trouble in River City -- Rocky Linux 8.5 Rollover Blew Up - #16 by desercat