On Debian Linux, I got a similar error. For me, it was enough to ensure that it loads OpenSSL 1.1.1 and not 3.0.9:
wget http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/o/openssl/libssl1.1_1.1.1-1ubuntu2.1~18.04.23_amd64.deb
dpkg -i libssl1.1_1.1.1-1ubuntu2.1~18.04.23_amd64.deb
→
ii libssl1.1:amd64 1.1.1-1ubuntu2.1~18.04.23 amd64 Secure Sockets Layer toolkit - shared libraries
ii libssl3:amd64 3.0.9-1 amd64 Secure Sockets Layer toolkit - shared libraries
Ensure that sqlserver loads 1.1.1 and not the system default 3.0.9:
ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libssl.so.1.1 /opt/mssql/lib/libssl.so
Hope that helps.
http://hardwarefetish.com/874-installing-ms-sql-server-2019-on-devuan-daedalus-debian-12-bookworm