I realize this is more so Postgresql and not a Rocky linux problem, but perhaps someone knows. 4+ hours of googling hasn’t solved it.
I need to migrate my databases from the centOS7 with postgres9 to Rocky8.4 with postgres10.
In the past, as the postgres user, I initialized the database with initdb --locale=C -D /var/lib/pgsql/data using locale=C to overcome UTF8 errors when restoring the database backup.
To initialize the postgres10 database, Rocky8 tutorials recommended using, postgresql-setup --initdb --unit postgresql which does not allow/recognise --locale=C.
With out using --locale=C, when I import my databases I get the encoding errors.
psql -U postgres -f pg_dbs.bkp postgres
ERROR: encoding “LATIN1” does not match locale “en_US.UTF-8”
DETAIL: The chosen LC_CTYPE setting requires encoding “UTF8”.
Is there an alternate way to set --locale=C using the postgresql-setup --initdb --unit postgresql command?
When I backup my databases using pg_dumpall (pg_dumpall -c -U postgres > pg_dbs.bkp), is there a way to strip the encoding or change the encoding to UTF8?
i have no experiance with postgres database but if it was mysql i would do the following
create a vm with centos 7 and postgres 9
copy the data oon that vm and restore it
upgrade the database to version 10
do some testing to confirm it working fine
create backup of the new data
create new vm with rocky 8.4 then install postgres 10
restore that data to the rocky
confirm everything working fine then you ready
this will make you sure that you look for single issue at time so if there issue converting from version 9 to 10 then that where you search for also the database upgrade process fix most of the issue when they change some of the encoding or maybe the file format
@whichiso I upgraded mine from postgres 9.2 to 10 like this:
on RL8 system do:
dnf install postgresql-server postgresql-upgrade
Copy the /var/lib/pgsql/data directory from your CentOS7 or RHEL7 system to /var/lib/pgsql/data directory on RL8 system. Since by default it wanted to do en_US-UTF-8 on my system, but I needed en_GB-UTF-8, I needed to pass the parameters like this:
[root@rocky ~]# PGSETUP_INITDB_OPTIONS="--locale=en_GB.UTF-8" postgresql-setup upgrade
WARNING: using obsoleted argument syntax, try --help
WARNING: arguments transformed to: postgresql-setup --upgrade --unit postgresql
* Upgrading database.
* Upgraded OK.
WARNING: The configuration files were replaced by default configuration.
WARNING: The previous configuration and data are stored in folder
WARNING: /var/lib/pgsql/data-old.
* See /var/lib/pgsql/upgrade_postgresql.log for details.
the results from the upgrade process:
[root@rocky pgsql]# cat upgrade_postgresql.log
Performing Consistency Checks
-----------------------------
Checking cluster versions ok
Checking database user is the install user ok
Checking database connection settings ok
Checking for prepared transactions ok
Checking for system-defined composite types in user tables ok
Checking for reg* data types in user tables ok
Checking for contrib/isn with bigint-passing mismatch ok
Checking for invalid "unknown" user columns ok
Checking for roles starting with "pg_" ok
Checking for incompatible "line" data type ok
Creating dump of global objects ok
Creating dump of database schemas
joomla
postgres
template1
ok
Checking for presence of required libraries ok
Checking database user is the install user ok
Checking for prepared transactions ok
Checking for new cluster tablespace directories ok
If pg_upgrade fails after this point, you must re-initdb the
new cluster before continuing.
Performing Upgrade
------------------
Analyzing all rows in the new cluster ok
Freezing all rows in the new cluster ok
Deleting files from new pg_xact ok
Copying old pg_clog to new server ok
Setting next transaction ID and epoch for new cluster ok
Deleting files from new pg_multixact/offsets ok
Setting oldest multixact ID in new cluster ok
Resetting WAL archives ok
Setting frozenxid and minmxid counters in new cluster ok
Restoring global objects in the new cluster ok
Restoring database schemas in the new cluster
joomla
postgres
template1
ok
Setting minmxid counter in new cluster ok
Adding ".old" suffix to old global/pg_control ok
If you want to start the old cluster, you will need to remove
the ".old" suffix from /var/lib/pgsql/data-old/global/pg_control.old.
Because "link" mode was used, the old cluster cannot be safely
started once the new cluster has been started.
Linking user relation files
/var/lib/pgsql/data-old/base/16384/12883
/var/lib/pgsql/data-old/base/16384/12885
/var/lib/pgsql/data-old/base/16384/12749
/var/lib/pgsql/data-old/base/16384/12751
/var/lib/pgsql/data-old/base/16384/16388
/var/lib/pgsql/data-old/base/16384/16388_fsm
/var/lib/pgsql/data-old/base/16384/16388_vm
/var/lib/pgsql/data-old/base/16384/16395
/var/lib/pgsql/data-old/base/16384/16397
/var/lib/pgsql/data-old/base/16384/16398
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/var/lib/pgsql/data-old/base/16384/16407
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ok
Setting next OID for new cluster ok
Sync data directory to disk ok
Creating script to analyze new cluster ok
Creating script to delete old cluster ok
Checking for hash indexes ok
Upgrade Complete
----------------
Optimizer statistics are not transferred by pg_upgrade so,
once you start the new server, consider running:
./analyze_new_cluster.sh
Running this script will delete the old cluster's data files:
./delete_old_cluster.sh
so you should be able to pass the locale just like I did and use the upgrade method I used. You don’t even need to init Postgres on RL8 since Postgresql 9.2 is copied to the /var/lib/pgsql/data directory and upgraded accordingly.
Did you at first run initdb during your setup and thus had to delete the /var/lib/pgsql/data directory and then copy over your 9.2 data directory? Just checking if that’s all, or if I must uninstall postgresql-server first and then install it fresh.
If I use PGSETUP_INITDB_OPTIONS="--locale=en_US.UTF-8" postgresql-setup upgrade will it update the databases from Latin1 to UTF8? (Just being hopeful).
If you already have done an init on /var/lib/pgsql/data, then just delete it and replace it with the data directory from your CentOS7 install. Make sure the permissions are the same or if not chown the files to fix it. Alternatively, you can rename data to data10 for example (I did this), and then copied from my old server (rhel7).
You would need to use PGSETUP_INITDB_OPTIONS="--locale=latin1" based on the error you got when it didn’t match en_US.UTF-8 previously (either that or you need --locale=C experiment until it works and you don’t get a locale error. If it doesn’t match the upgrade won’t continue anyway. Your new database will then be the same format as the old one - which is needed for successful upgrade.
@iwalker Is there an advantage doing your well detailed copy data folder and postgresql-setup upgrade, over initializing as psotgres user, initdb --locale=C -D /var/lib/pgsql/data, which allows --locale=C and then restoring the databases from a backup psql -U postgres -f pg_dbs.bkp postgres?
One advantage, is it’s quicker. I don’t know if your dump included the postgres database as well, but if not, then the method I listed upgrades all databases, including postgres, which means I have all my database users as well.
Just depends what you feel comfortable with. If you prefer database dumps, then use them. This worked for me, so I have no need for trying database dumps. I also used a pg_upgrade on a Debian system recently between postgres 12 and 13. Also upgrades that data directory.
@iwalker things do not go so well. I renamed the data folder in /var/lib/pgsql, copied my data folder to it from my CentOS7 box, set permissions on the new data folder to match the original data folder. I stopped the postgresql service then ran the PGSETUP command. The upgrade log file is empty, thus no insight on what went wrong.
[root@finaidrocky pgsql]# ls -la
total 24
drwx------ 5 postgres postgres 153 Nov 7 16:03 .
drwxr-xr-x. 65 root root 4096 Nov 3 09:12 …
-rw------- 1 postgres postgres 497 Nov 7 16:00 .bash_history
-rw-r–r-- 1 postgres postgres 85 Jun 10 14:37 .bash_profile
drwx------ 2 postgres postgres 6 Nov 3 09:16 .cache
drwx------ 15 postgres postgres 4096 Nov 7 16:03 data
drwx------ 20 postgres postgres 4096 Nov 7 16:03 data-original-initdb
-rw------- 1 postgres postgres 687 Nov 4 10:01 .psql_history
-rw------- 1 postgres postgres 0 Nov 7 16:03 upgrade_postgresql.log
[root@finaidrocky pgsql]# PGSETUP_INITDB_OPTIONS="--locale=C" postgresql-setup upgrade
WARNING: using obsoleted argument syntax, try --help
WARNING: arguments transformed to: postgresql-setup --upgrade --unit postgresql
Upgrading database.
ERROR: The pidfile ‘/var/lib/pgsql/data-old/postmaster.pid’ exists. Verify that there is no postmaster
running the /var/lib/pgsql/data-old directory.
ERROR: Upgrade failed.
See /var/lib/pgsql/upgrade_postgresql.log for details.
@iwalker the upgrade process just won’t work for me. I shutdown postgresql with systemctl stop postgresql, recopied my centos7 data folder (just to start fresh), deleted the postamster.pid file from the data folder. I tagged upgrade with -- to prevent the “using obsoleted warning.”
And postgres was shutdown properly on your original server before copying? Considering the error message in your post, either postgres was still running when you copied it, or it either wasn’t shut down properly or some other issue is causing you problems. You are likely going to have to do some maintenance tasks on that, or restart and shutdown postgres cleanly before copying to the new machine. It cannot be copied from the old server if postgres is still running.
If not, and you still have problems, then something is obviously unique to your setup which is causing you issues. Since, this should just work.
