Another correction – You CAN disable “Fast Startup” in your Windows power management settings, and then the problem described in my previous post above will not occur.
Thank you John, I will try that later.
I actually not quite understand the instructions, I mean I don’t have knowledge about that, whatever was telling I followed. The tool is in Rocky, Rocky official tool since the installation of Rocky, I already seen it there in Rocky. I think the instructions might be also correct, it was saying to create a proper space for installing another system, everything seems right when I sees it; after that/ after the partition got divided successfully, the next time when I booted into Rocky, no more. So now the Rocky gets broken.
I think basically for my understanding, the instructions were: Firstly, do ‘mounted’ to make Rocky available for dividing a part from it, ‘mounted’ for my understanding is like make files including systemfiles to be standing on a part/side of the room, which we will have clean space for our guest; Secondly, should be the step to allocate a usable space, this step means the system is making an empty/clean space in Rocky, so that we have Rocky got shrinked but should still function well after dividing and the other empty/clean space; the software then cut off the clean space from Rocky. So the instructions were these three steps. The software is the Disk Partition Tool on Rocky(how do I describe, it is like Windows got Word, not WPS), the name should be like that. I don’t download any software from online, it is already in Rocky, it is not Gparted. And if I remember correctly I should have use similar instructions to divide a part of Kali for now the Rocky, last time I did this, no thing went wrong that I had Rocky. Kali also got crashed due to shut down with loads of apps running, I am not sure I could operate the command. I don’t know how. I could go in Kali, but the screen basically got whole black, few functions might still working, maybe could use some commands to do the run you provide.
Ok. Thank you for telling me that.
Got you. I will try that somehow when I get free to see if that will also fit to my problem, to try if this works to me. Thank you for your suggestions.
Ok, got you, I will have a see.
We do not talk to disks directly. We talk to kernel. Kernel does access the disks.
Kernel presents a “mental map” (tree of directories) on what is where.
Kernel mounts a filesystem and makes it(s contents) visible on the map.
For example, one filesystem is mounted so that its “root” we can see as /
Then, another filesystem is mounted to be seen in /home
These directories are mountpoints.
A filesystem is in a partition (or logical volume). The partition/volume shows as device.
We tell kernel to mount a device to mountpoint, but it really means to map the filesystem within that device into the directory tree.
Some filesystem tools operate on device, in fact their operations cannot be done when the filesystem is mounted. Others require that the filesystem is mounted.
Shrinking a filesystem requires two substeps:
- Relocate data-blocks of files within the physical media
- Rearrage the filesystem metadata
On a house you would:
- Move items to different rooms
- Rebuild (at least some) walls
As said, it is not possible to shrink XFS filesystem. The “Gnome Disks” tool that Rocky has should not offer shrink as option for partition that has XFS. (I cannot verify that because I don’t have XFS in any system).
In other words, you have a malfunctioning Kali, a broken Rocky, and Windows.
When and how did the Kali broke?
I don’t think it will still function.
“Rocky” has multiple partitions, LVMs and Filesystems, so which ones got shrunk?
There are multiple tools within Rocky that can change partitions, I showed example of using ‘parted’ tool above.
If you want to see the exact layout as it is right now, you can boot into the Rocky ISO, troubleshooting, exit to shell, and then do:
lsblk -o NAME,MAJ:MIN,FSTYPE,SIZE,LABEL,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT
Thank you j very much for all these explanations, I really learned much, I will relearn your instructions to fully understand in some time. Kali had been misfunction for quite some time since several months ago. I turn off Kali with bunches of software opening, the next day when I tried boot into Kali, no longer working properly, the UI basically whole black/can’t be usable, while some little functions may still be working. Either I used “fix Kali” option to trying fixing Kali, that option actually no work. Maybe Kali still can run some commands to solve this out if you might provide a good one.
For Rocky, yeah that tool is indeed Gnome Disk, I should have been used that tool to execute the dividing partition work; like you said building some walls is also what I think. (Maybe I am not using the correct word “shrink“.) Yeah, I do used Gnome Disk to dividing a partition from Rocky for Windows. As I remembered, I may have also been in touch with Gparted, but the instruction I followed I should have used Gnome Disk. Maybe at that time, I did not successfully use Gparted, so I used Gnome Disk.
Well, I do not know which one got shrunk, I don’t know about LVMs, Filesystems. I probably assume that the tool of Rocky could identify whatever important to laid down and make a good move for a clean space.(I mean won’t hurting the main system); since it went smooth executing the operation. So in your example, you state you used commands to divide partition, but because I do not understand much I instaed used a tool, this is the difference. I should have used the Gnome one, naming “Disk Partition Tool”.
OK. Because these two days I am busy in working, I will do what you teach me two or three days later, and then maybe get back to you what it is. Thank you!